via www.andreafazioli.ch

ECHR Portal HTML View

Press release issued by the Registrar

Chamber judgment¹

Lautsi v. Italy (application no. 30814/06)

CRUCIFIX IN CLASSROOMS:

CONTRARY TO PARENTS’ RIGHT TO EDUCATE THEIR CHILDREN IN LINE WITH THEIR CONVICTIONS AND TO CHILDREN’S RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION

Violation of Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 (right to education)

examined jointly with Article 9 (freedom of thought, conscience and religion)  
of the European Convention on Human Rights

Decision of the Court

The presence of the crucifix – which it was impossible not to notice in the classrooms – could easily be interpreted by pupils of all ages as a religious sign and they would feel that they were being educated in a school environment bearing the stamp of a given religion. This could be encouraging for religious pupils, but also disturbing for pupils who practised other religions or were atheists, particularly if they belonged to religious minorities. The freedom not to believe in any religion (inherent in the freedom of religion guaranteed by the Convention) was not limited to the absence of religious services or religious education: it extended to practices and symbols which expressed a belief, a religion or atheism. This freedom deserved particular protection if it was the State which expressed a belief and the individual was placed in a situation which he or she could not avoid, or could do so only through a disproportionate effort and sacrifice.

The State was to refrain from imposing beliefs in premises where individuals were dependent on it. In particular, it was required to observe confessional neutrality in the context of public education, where attending classes was compulsory irrespective of religion, and where the aim should be to foster critical thinking in pupils.

The Court was unable to grasp how the display, in classrooms in State schools, of a symbol that could reasonably be associated with Catholicism (the majority religion in Italy) could serve the educational pluralism that was essential to the preservation of a “democratic society” as that was conceived by the Convention, a pluralism that was recognised by the Italian Constitutional Court.

The compulsory display of a symbol of a given confession in premises used by the public  authorities, and especially in classrooms, thus restricted the right of parents to educate their children in conformity with their convictions, and the right of children to believe or not to believe. The Court concluded, unanimously, that there had been a violation of Article 2 of Protocol No. 1 taken jointly with Article 9 of the Convention.

North Koreans love their spotty cellphone service

CRTC blocks Canada’s WIND from launching over ownership concerns

Globalive, which has recently been ramping up to launch a national Canadian phone service under the WIND brand using spectrum won in last year’s auction, has been dealt a hell of a blow by the CRTC this week. The organization — essentially the northern equivalent of the FCC — has strict rules demanding that Canadian wireless networks be Canadian-owned, and an investigation of WIND’s structure has apparently raised enough concern to cause it to call off the service’s launch. Egypt’s Orascom Telecom (which, strangely, also runs North Korea’s Koryolink) owns some 65.1 percent of the operation and apparently “holds the overwhelming majority of the outstanding debt” for which Globalive is responsible, so yeah, we can see how that might not qualify as “Canadian-owned.” For its part, Globalive says that it’s “extremely disappointed” in the decision and “will be evaluating [its] options on how to proceed,” but in all likelihood, that’s going to have to mean cashing out a good chunk of Orascom if it’s serious about making this happen.

androidnotes:

Android 2.0 on HTC Magic 32A

[ROM] Android 2.0 (for devs, unstable) - xda-developers

For HTC Magic 32A:

• wipe data
• install this and
• install this

androidnotes:

Official Google Blog: Announcing Google Maps Navigation for Android 2.0

Pocoyo (Pocoyó in Spanish) is a Spanish pre-school animated cartoon series created by David Cantolla, Luis Gallego and Guillermo García Carsi of Spain. It is about a young boy dressed in blue, who is full of curiosity. Viewers are encouraged to recognise situations that Pocoyo is in, and things that are going on with or around him. Each character has its own distinctive dance, and most episodes end with the characters dancing. (via Pocoyo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)